Symptoms:

• Facial Weakness or Paralysis: Sudden onset of weakness or paralysis on one side of the face, making it difficult to close the eye, smile, or wrinkle the forehead on the affected side.
• Drooping Face: Noticeable drooping of the mouth and eyelid on the affected side.
• Loss of Taste: Altered taste sensation on the front two-thirds of the tongue.
• Drooling: Inability to control saliva on the affected side.
• Eye Irritation: Difficulty closing the eye, leading to dryness or excessive tearing.
• Pain or Discomfort: Mild to severe pain around the jaw or behind the ear on the affected side.
• Increased Sensitivity to Sound: Sounds may seem louder in the affected ear (hyperacusis).

Diagnosis:

Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on the patient’s history and physical examination. Doctors may perform additional tests such as blood tests, imaging studies (MRI or CT scan), or electromyography (EMG) to rule out other conditions and confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment:

• Medications: Corticosteroids like prednisone are often prescribed to reduce inflammation and swelling of the facial nerve. Antiviral drugs may be used if a viral infection is suspected.
• Eye Care: Protecting the affected eye is crucial to prevent dryness and injury. This may involve using lubricating eye drops, eye ointments, or an eye patch.
• Physical Therapy: Facial exercises and physical therapy can help stimulate the facial muscles and maintain muscle tone.
• Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers or prescription medications may be used to manage pain.

Prognosis:

The prognosis for Bell’s palsy is generally favorable. Most people begin to see improvement within two weeks, and complete recovery usually occurs within three to six months. However, some individuals may experience lingering effects, such as residual weakness or abnormal movements of the facial muscles.